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| Book/Dissertation / PhD Thesis | FZJ-2023-02056 |
2023
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag
Jülich
ISBN: 978-3-95806-681-6
Please use a persistent id in citations: http://hdl.handle.net/2128/34516 urn:nbn:de:0001-20230925093425727-5086636-9
Abstract: To reach the climate goals of the German government and the associated reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the future, the current energy system of Germany must undergo a significant transformation towards a system based on sustainable energy generation. The main subject of the research is the evaluation of various options for achieving these goals, ranging from the expansion of renewable energies and the use of alternative energy sources to efficiency measures in the consumer sectors. In contrast, the significance of this change, taking into account the regional characteristics and the necessity of energy transport and the available storage options, is often completely neglected in these studies. The aim of this work is therefore the development of a spatially and temporally highly resolved energy system optimization model for Germany, which maps the geographical features of energy generation and storage and takes into account the use of sector coupling and the transport of the individual energy sources. By coupling the model with the sectorally highly resolved national energy system model, on the one hand, the plausibility of the spatially unresolved results can be checked and statements on the spatial level can be added. On the other hand, the transformation path of the energy system is taken into account without further increasing the model complexity and thus the feasibility of the optimizationproblem. The implementation of the model is based on the open-source available framework FINE and complements it with constraints to map supra-regional expansion targets. The results are evaluated with a focus on the design and utilization of grid-based transport infrastructures, especially with a focus on the development of a hydrogen infrastructure and the connection of offshore wind farms in the short-term and long-term development of Germany’s energy system. Here, the model and the applied methodology of model coupling allow the consideration of an integrated grid optimization. The results highlight the importance of infrastructure development and the need for flexibility options in order to be able to meet Germany´s energy demands in the future and to achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets. In the short-term development until 2030, natural gas-fired power plants provide the necessary flexible power generation outside of wind and solar hours and substitute the more emission-intensive coal-fired power generation. In the long-term development, a reduction of the required storage capacities can only be achieved by expanding the electricity grid. This will also allow for the increased use of electricity provided offshore, that must be transported from the north of the country to the south with higher demand. Due to the decreasing importance of fossil natural gas, the reassignment of the current gas transport network as well as the gas storage facilities to hydrogen transport and hydrogen storage is an economically and sensible measure from a system point of view to achieve the development of a hydrogen infrastructure quickly and at optimal cost. However, these measures cannot prevent the need for further expansion of the hydrogen infrastructure in the long-term future.
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